Complex permanent tissue types their functions and diagram

Complex permanent tissue :

As its name suggests, the complex means more than one combination. They are made up of more than one type of cell. But when they meet together they perform the same function. The work of these type of tissue is to transport water, minerals and food from one place to another. These are two types.
1) Xylem tissue 2) Phloem tissue

1) Xylem:

These are a type of conducting tissue. Theirs work to transport water and minerals from root to other parts of the plant such as stem, leaves, flowers. Therefore, it is also called water vascular tissue. Its other name is also Hedrom. It gives strength to the plants.

  These are four types.

a) Tracheids  b) Vessels  c) Xylem parenchyma  d) Xylem sclerenchyma 

a) Tracheids:

They are found parallel to the vertical axis of the plant. They are found in firm and gymnosperm.

shape and structure:

1) They are tube-like in view.

2) Their cells are elongated.

3) Their edges are tapped. 

4) They are non living.

5) The cell wall is lignified.

6) Their walls are thick because they contain lignin.

7) They are unicellular.

Function:

They conduct water and minerals from roots to the leaves through pits.

b) Vessels:

shape and structure:

1) These are also tube-like in view.

2) In this we can place the cells one after the other.

3) They have lignified wall dead.

4) They are also non living.

5) Their edges are rounded or transverse.

Function:

They also conduct water and minerals from roots to the leaves like tracheids. 

 c) Xylem parenchyma:

shape and structure:

1) They are living.

2) Due to deposition of lignin therefore their cells walls are thin or thick.

Function:

1) It serves to store food.

2) Helps in convection of shore walls.

d) Xylem sclerenchyma:

shape and structure:

1) They have lignified wall dead.

2) They are non living.

Function:

Gives mechanical strength to the plant, which means that it supports the plant.

 2) Phloem:

That is to say, in other words, these are also a type of conducting tissue. The work of phloem food produced by the photosynthesis process of transporting that food to different parts of the plants. 

These are four types.
a) Sieve tubes  b) Companion cells  c) Phloem parenchyma  d) phloem sclerenchyma 

a) Sieve tubes:

shape and structure:

1) They are tube-like in view.

2)Their cell wall is thin.

3) In this we can place the cells one after the other.

4)Their end wall is porous, due to which its wall is like sieve which is also called sieve plate.

Function:

Transporting food produced by the leaves to the food storage organs of plants.

b) Companion cells:

shape and structure:

1) Their cell wall is thin.

2) They are elongated.

3) They are usually associated with lateral side of sieve tubes.

Function:

They are help in the transport of food along with the sieve tubes.

 c) Phloem parenchyma:

shape and structure:

1)They are living.

2) They are intermingled with sieve tube.

Function:

Their main function is to store food and reach food to different parts of plants.

d) phloem sclerenchyma:

shape and structure:

1)Their cells are dead.

2) Their cell wall is thick.

3) They are elongated.

Function:

These provide mechanical strength to the plant. They are used for making ropes and rough cloth.

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Simple permanent tissue

Protective tissue

Meristematic tissue

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Ishan Kumar