AC TO DC CONVERTER CIRCUIT

 

AC TO DC CONVERTER CIRCUIT

We also call AC TO DC converter as rectifier. Through rectifier we can convert AC to DC. Suppose we have to convert from 9VAC to 5VDC. In its circuit diagram you can see how many components are used in it. We see them one by one.

 

 TRANSFORMER

First of all we have to take a step down transformer, which has an input voltage of 230VAC. It depends on you which input voltage you want to work on. I have assumed the input voltage230VAC here, which is the primary winding of the transformer. In the secondary winding of the transformer we will place 9VAC (RMS value). If we talk about the peak value of the secondary winding of the transformer, then 14VAC will be approx.

BRIDGE RECTIFIER 

Then we will use Rectifier to convert AC to DC. Rectifier circuits such as Half wave, Full wave are also there. But most often a Bridge Rectifier is used to convert AC to DC. It forms a bridge consisting of 4 diode hence it is called Bridge Rectifier. Diode D2 and D4 conduct in the positive half cycle and Diode D1 and D3 conduct in the negative half cycle. Then our DC voltage changes to AC voltage. But the DC voltage that we get after rectifier is found as pulse. We call this pulsating DC. But if seen, she is not a smooth DC in the proper way. That is, some ripples come in it. Use the capacitor to remove such ripples.

CAPACITOR

Capacitor is used in our circuit for filtering and removing ripples. I tell you how much voltage the capacitor should have. Suppose the circuit has 12 volt after the rectifier, then the voltage of our capacitor should be 30V (12X2 = 24, 24 + 6 = 30). We must have a capacitor of 30V Have to be installed. A 470uF / 30V capacitor would be best for this. The DC voltage will improve after installing this capacitor.

VOLTAGE REGULATOR

If we need 5VDC in the output we will take a 7805 voltage regulator. The 7805 voltage regulator gives us 5VDC at the output. If we check the datasheet of 7805 voltage regulator then its maximum input voltage is 25V and its maximum current rating is 1.5A. According to our circuit, we can easily use this voltage regulator. So in this way we will create 5VDC. Friends, after this we have to put a small capacitor in its output so that our voltage becomes a pure DC voltage. Friends, the capacitor we will install will be installed keeping our output in mind. Now our output voltage is 5VDC and then the voltage of our Capacitor should be 15V (5 X 2 = 10, 10 + 3 = 13). A 100uF / 15V capacitor would be best for this. So this is how the AC TO DC converter became.

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Ishan Kumar